A scientific article by Prof. Dr. "Ali Mishaal Abed" entitled "Stones in the Qur’an"
(But even after seeing these Signs, your hearts hardened and became as hard as rocks; nay, even harder than rocks. For there are some rocks out of which springs gush forth, and others which split open, and water issues out of them; then there are some which tumble down for fear of Allah) Allah Almighty is true (2:74)
God Almighty addresses the people of Israel, “Then your hearts hardened,” meaning their hearts hardened and became inflexible, so the sermon did not affect them. Then, He described their hardness as being like stones. In geology, stones mean rocks and rocks are of three types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Some of them are distinguished by their hardness and strength, which is harder than iron because if iron and lead are melted in the fire, they melt, unlike rocks, unless there is intense heat like the heat of volcanoes. One of the manifestations of divine power and divine care is that God Almighty has provided living creatures, animals, and plants on the surface of the earth with water, which is not the secret of life. He has created reservoirs for them in the rocks of the mountains, which gush forth from the springs to form streams and rivers. These are reservoirs of groundwater that are filled in the winter with rain and snow to continue flowing throughout the summer as fresh, cold, flowing water. The Qur’an has pointed to this scientific fact, which indicates that the visible rocks of the mountains and those buried under the surface of the earth are reservoirs of water from springs, rivers, or wells dug by man. The existence of rivers on the surface of the dry Earth begins from a starting point, which is the source, and water emerges as if it is gushing from high mountainous areas or a plateau and ends at its sea outlet after traveling a distance of thousands of kilometers, passing through mountains, valleys, plateaus, and plains. This is consistent with the Almighty’s saying: (And indeed, among the stones are some from which rivers burst forth).
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igure (1) The source of the Nile River (https://mawdoo3.com )
While springs are natural phenomena that spring, gush forth, and emerge naturally from cracks, fractures, and fissures in rocks and mountains, this is what is consistent in meaning with the Almighty’s saying: (And indeed, among them are those that split asunder and water issues from them).
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Figure (2) Eyes and springs (https://sawtkom.ma/32562.html )
A meteorite is a piece of rock that floats in space within the solar system and ranges in size from a small grain of sand to a large rock with a diameter of one meter. Objects larger than that are called asteroids according to the definitions of the International Astronomical Union. Most meteorites found on Earth come from the asteroid belt located between Jupiter and Mars, but some also come from Mars or the Moon and the remains of comets. In theory, small pieces of Mercury or Venus could have reached Earth as well, but none have been conclusively identified.
https://www.aljazeera.net/science / 2022
This is consistent with the meaning of the Almighty’s saying (And among them are those that fall for fear of God).
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Figure (3) Meteorites are distinguished from rocks found in most desert areas by their dark color (https://www.alnilin.com/13359491.htm )
These natural facts, which scientists exerted great scientific effort over centuries to achieve, were reached by the Qur’an 1400 years ago with an accurate diagnosis, especially the meteorites that it described as stones.