The public discussion was held by the master’s student (Rafid Ali Hammad) from the Physics Department, College of Science - Anbar University, on Thursday, 5/30/2024, in Ibn Sina Hall in the College of Science. for his tagged thesis:

 " The effect of the charge shift of the K and L shell of atoms and light ions with atomic number 2 < z < 20"

The discussion committee consisted of:

The research aims to study the charge shift for the K and L shells for the He and Be-like atoms. The charge shift is proposed as a theoretical framework to analyze, indirectly, the following atomic properties: the one and two-particle radial density distribution, expectation values, standard deviations and diamagnetic susceptibilities for the atoms (ions). The result of One-particle radial density distribution, in the case of K-shell, for both He and Be-like atoms, the area of the Yellow zone equates to the Light blue one in value. This confirms the charge conservation. Two-particle radial density distribution, in the case of L-shell, the sum of the area of both Light blue and Green zones is identical to the sum of the area of the Orange and Yellow zones. This is an explicit confirmation of the charge conservation again. The reduction of the one-particle expectation value for the position, at n=1, confirms that the size of He and Be-like atoms is getting smaller as long as the atomic number is getting bigger. The standard deviation trend in the K-shell shows a rapid drop in the level of uncertainty in the position value estimations. A similar behaviour is identified in the case of L-shell.  This indicates that the He-like atoms show a lower level of confinement compared with their counterparts in the Be-like atoms. The reduction in the diamagnetic susceptibility values can be understood using the zone approach. The values drop due to the shrinkage in the charge shift, while the Gray zone significantly increases numbers.